This combat had taken place under a full moon and in perfect weather. FO Vesely’s recovery to Cranage was quite remarkable. He had received serious injuries yet was able to make a perfect landing without the aid of the airfield’s floodlight. He was, of course, immediately despatched to hospital.

 

Other 96 crews saw action that same night. Sgt.’s Taylor and Broughton took off in Defiant T3954 at 2355 to patrol the Cotton South line at 12,000. While they were being vectored to the patrol line the air gunner saw a He-111K ‘slightly crossing’ the Defiant’s track, port to starboard. Guns were brought to bear but after six rounds were fired the guns jammed! Taylor gave chase giving the engine ‘every ounce of boost’. The German dived steeply preventing Taylor from getting below it. The bomber returned fire missing the fighter and then started violent evasive action. Taylor doggedly pursued the bomber down to 1000 feet.

 

Here, both went into cloud. Broughton, undaunted, continued but realising he was in the Welsh hills he climbed. It was a good move for he missed the hilltops by 60 to 70 feet! The New Zealand crew returned to base after a ‘fast and furious chase which saw the engine temperature up to 120 degrees and oil to 100 degrees’. Despite only firing six shells, Taylor logged his encounter as a probable.

 

Sgt.’s Ralls and Waddicar in Defiant N3374 also sighted an enemy aircraft but were unable to enter into combat being unable to chase due to the cloud conditions and the speed of the enemy. But there would still be reason to celebrate come the end of the night.

 

First Blood!

 

During operations on March 12th/13th, Fighter Command flew a total of 178 operational sorties spread across the six groups claiming eleven enemy aircraft destroyed, damaged or probably destroyed. Six He-111’s were either destroyed or damaged, four Ju-88’s destroyed or damaged and an unknown probable. Highest scorer was 604 Squadron with four claims while 264 Squadron made two and there was one each from 151, 219, 264 and 255 Squadrons. 96 Squadron made the final claim.

 

At 1923 hours He-111 G1+OP of 6 Staffel, Stab II/Kampfgruppe 55 (II/KG55) took off from Avord in France under the command of Hauptmann Wolfgang Berlin, the observer, and piloted by Oberfedwebel Karl Single. Other crew members included Unteroffizer Xavier Diem (wireless operator/gunner), Feldwebel Leonhard Kutznik (flight mechanic/gunner) and Feldwebel Heinrich Ludwinski (gunner). The aircraft was part of the raid on Liverpool . Little anti-aircraft fire was encountered en-route and Wolfgang Berlin recalls that the weather was ‘fine and clear, a bright moon was lighting up all of southern England ’.

 

On completing its bombing run, Single turned for home flying at around 15,000 feet. Berlin continues, ‘Our wireless operator/gunner [Diem] reported on the interphone that a night fighter was coming up from the lower rear. Only second’s later bullets ripped through the Heinkel; the first burst killed our gunner [Ludwinski] and flight mechanic/gunner [Kutznik]. The second and third bursts put both our engines out of action so I ordered the radio operator to bale out. However, he was unable to open either of the two rear exits because of the damage inflicted by the fighter so he had to crawl forward along the narrow passage between the bomb bay chutes to reach the cockpit. I opened the front emergency exit but by this time we were down to about 3,000 feet and rapidly getting lower. We remaining three – pilot, radio operator and me – then got out. As I descended by parachute I could see below fenced meadows in the bright moonlight and men running in the direction of my point of landing which was in a the middle of a field near a farmhouse. As soon as I landed the men arrived shouting, “Hands up!” They were members of the Home Guard but I don’t recall how many’.

 

The night fighter was Hurricane V7752 piloted by Sergeant Robin McNair. He had earlier taken off from Cranage to patrol Liverpool at 12,000 feet when he encountered the Heinkel. He closed to around 75 yards before commencing his attack with two four-second bursts. Oil from the bomber covered his windscreen but he pressed home more attacks on the bomber until it plunged to the ground. The attack almost turned to a disaster for McNair because he almost got entangled in barrage balloon cables. Indeed, these barrage balloons saw the final destruction of the Heinkel which struck them as it came down causing the aircraft to slew round before it came to rest on what is now the sports grounds of Fisher and More High School , Milton Road , Widnes . McNair just about scraped back to Cranage after a 2 hour 40 minute sortie that left his fuel tanks almost dry. Doubtless there was much celebrating in the mess at the end of ops that night!

 

Robin McNair went on to be a career aviator. He completed some 18 months on night fighters, both Hurricane and Defiant, eventually becoming an instructor. He was awarded the DFC in 1942 after achieving 110 operational sorties. Further Hurricane service followed with 87 Squadron thence as Flight Commander with 245 Squadron flying Typhoons at Charmey Down. By 1944 he had attained Squadron Leader rank and commanded 247 Squadron. He became Chief Flying Instructor with 55 OTU in January 1945 at Aston Down. It was here that Typhoon pilots received their final training. He was appointed to 74 Squadron in October that year when, with 616 and 504 Squadron’s, the first Meteor wing was formed.

 

He had by now made a decision to leave the service and initially took up a job with the Ministry of Civil Aviation before joining the newly-formed British European Airways in July 1946 becoming its station superintendent in Frankfurt and, in 1948, at Geneva . He became Deputy to the Director, Lord Amersham, of BEA’s associated companies in 1951. He remained within aviation until his retirement in 1979. He sadly died on 18th May 1996 and is buried at Church Norton in Sussex .

 

As Robin McNair was to progress his flying career both during and after the war, for now flying for Hauptmann Berlin was concluded. He was taken to the nearby farmhouse and was led into the living room where ‘a homely fire burned. It was very peaceful.’ He was provided with toast ‘…so I really knew I was in England !’ Hauptmann Berlin adds that he regretted his schoolboy English was so poor and the only reminder that a war was in progress was the armed guard standing at the door. Wolfgang Berlin was subsequently interrogated at Cockfosters, London by air intelligence staff before proceeding to a prisoner-of-war camp. He was later sent to Canada and repatriated to Germany in 1947.

 

More Action

 

The following nights saw 96 get in more much needed flying time. On March 13th, Squadron Leader Burns led a five aircraft patrol consisting of three Hurricanes and two Defiant’s over Liverpool between 2040 and 2220 hours. There were a number of other patrols undertaken but no contact with the enemy was made. And the Luftwaffe returned albeit in considerably reduced numbers.

On the night of the March 14th/15th Vic Verity was patrolling Leek North at 10000 feet in Hurricane N6923. His patrol time was from 2345 until 0055. Sighting anti-aircraft fire some five to six miles east of Wrexham, he went to investigate and encountered a Ju-88 diving from 15000 feet. He followed approaching the Junkers from the stern and below. He overtook and noted the Swastika on the side. At 80 yards distance he gave a four-second burst and saw the shells enter the rear of the aeroplane. There followed a ‘big red flash’ from between the fuselage and port engine and the Ju-88 dived steeply to Verity’s starboard. He followed, firing again into the top of the fuselage. At this point the Wrexham searchlights picked up the aircraft blinding Verity and he lost the enemy. Verity claimed a probable kill.

There are two possible aircraft that this claim could refer to. Firstly, an aircraft from I/KG 30 crashed on its return to its home base of Eindhoven and was destroyed. Secondly, a Ju-88A-5 of II/KG 1 (V4+BN, Werk No. 4189) crash-landed on return to its base at Rosieres. Both crews reported contact with British fighters during their raids. The Ju-88A-5 suffered 25% damage.

After three consecutive night’s action the weather once again closed in and apart from training sorties little operational flying was undertaken.

Spring is Sprung

April 1941 started very much as March had finished – with bad weather. April 1st saw an attempted trip to Speke airport at Liverpool aborted. The weather did improve a little on April 5th allowing some searchlight co-operation exercises and practice patrol flying but there were no operational flights.

The weather improved significantly on the evening of April 6th/7th and a total of around 10 hours flying ‘came as a tonic’. Despite this there was ten-tenths cloud cover at 2500 feet. The ground homing station, ‘Bramble’, had the chance to shine during this poor weather and pilots were gaining confidence in its abilities. Sgt. Stan Sim recalls that lighting at the airfield was minimal and night landings could be “a little hairy” in low visibility conditions. Canadians added to the Empire nature of the base by operating this early form of homing beacon. Landings using ‘Bramble’ were very aptly named ‘ZZ Landings’. The barrage balloons in and around the Crewe area to the south of Cranage were also becoming less of a hazard. Crewe was an important rail junction and home to Rolls Royce who were manufacturing Merlin engines for Hurricane and Spitfire fighters. Defence of this vital industrial centre was of paramount importance.

Operations that night were conducted because of enemy activity in the Liverpool neighbourhood.  FO Verity, now converted to Defiant’s, and Sgt. Wake, his air gunner, patrolled Leek North at 10000 feet in Defiant N1803, without success. Sgt. Keprt, a Czech, and his gunner, Sgt. Harder, undertook a general patrol in Defiant T1767 but had to immediately return to base with faulty wireless equipment. Sgt.’s Hibbert and Heycock in V6721 took his place from 0150 to 0435 hours, a long patrol for no reward.

The following evening Sdn. Ldr. Burns was airborne with PO Smith leading a standing patrol in Defiant N3376 along the Cotton South line together with FO McGlashen and Sgt. Lazell in Defiant N3436 and Sgt.’s Black and Cadman in Defiant T3924. Take off time was spread over two hours from 2140 with Sgt. Black being the last to land at 0020 hours. He had also suffered wireless problems and had to terminate his patrol. Total patrol time was two hours 40 minutes with no contacts. Sgt. McNair and Sgt. McCormack put in a 90-minute patrol on the Leek North patrol line at 10000 feet, also without success.

Despite cloud cover of ten tenths at 2000 feet April 9th saw eleven hours flying undertaken six of which were for training purposes. No contact with enemy aircraft was made but training flights centred on practice interceptions, searchlight co-operation and learning more about Bramble. Verity was inevitably involved in these exercises acting as ‘enemy bomber’ while Sgt. Taylor, a fellow New Zealander adopted the role of fighter.

During this exercise Sgt. Taylor was attacked by an unknown aircraft spotted by his air gunner as it bore down on them. Taylor evaded while his companion brought the Defiant’s guns to bear. The Defiant suffered damage with the starboard wing and fuselage being holed. He made a successful landing but had fuel pouring from the wings. It was thought that Verity’s navigation lights attracted the attacker, probably a Ju-88. At least a combat report could be filed!

The following night, April 10th, saw the squadron operating from RAF Tern Hill on the border of Shropshire and Staffordshire to assist in the air defence of Birmingham . Five aircraft from ‘A’ Flight and three from ‘B’ Flight made the trip to commence operations with 256 Squadron from Squires Gate. The weather again played havoc with this operation. Two Defiant’s were incapacitated and three aircraft failed to make the short trip returning to Cranage using Bramble.

Two of the Defiant’s to make the trip to Tern Hill were N3436 flown by FO McNair and N3452 flown by FO Raphael. The former aircraft was involved in a taxiing accident while Raphael crashed on landing. However, two aircraft 96 Squadron aircraft succeeded in recording three patrol hours over Birmingham without encountering any of the enemy.

More flying was undertaken on April 15th as the weather improved once again. There were 18 air-firing exercises undertaken plus a further ten night flying, nine of which were on operations. There was more activity the following day when Sgt.'s Angell and Goldsmith sighted an enemy aircraft. They chased the aircraft but lost it in cloud. Meanwhile Sgt. Smithson on Leek North patrol line hoped for contact with three enemy aircraft sighted in his sector. He was unable to sight any of these planes.

Once more the weather closed in restricting operations to local daytime flights. However, on April 24th, one of these training flights became an operational one when enemy aircraft were reported circling Cranage’s ‘Bramble’ beacon. The intruders ran south pursued by the Defiant of Sgt.’s Black and Cadman. The ORB records this action thus:

 

‘Sgt. Black was on patrol on Cotton South at 9000 feet. Before he had been there long, he was brought back to base, first at 6000 feet, then at 7500 feet and finally at 11000 feet.

 

‘An enemy aircraft was reported as being in the neighbourhood of Cranage Landmark Beacon [‘Bramble’], and to be orbiting. When the E/A moved off south, Sgt. Black was vectored on to the Hun and followed him for some distance southwards. Eventually the Defiant was ordered to pancake. Looking north the visibility was very good, but looking south it was very indifferent.’

The month concluded with the loss of another Defiant, N3376, through mechanical failure. This loss has been mentioned earlier but is worthy of extended comment here. After the crew baled out the aircraft crashed in Park Road , Gatley, Cheshire without loss of life. The pilot was Sgt. Ralls and the air gunner was Sgt. Phillips both of whom were uninjured. It is a reflection on the lack of operational entries for the ORB that Sgt. Phillips was allowed to relate his experience in this incident. The text written by Sgt. Phillips is recorded here in full. It is amusing and insightful providing a first hand account of what it was like to bale out of a fighter aircraft 

‘At approximately 2230 hours on the night of April 30th, 1941 I took off as air gunner to Sgt. Ralls to carry out practice interceptions with the commanding officer, Squadron Leader Burns taking the part of the bandit.

‘Owing to discussion we had had the previous night re: the signal for baling out, Sgt. Ralls shouted over the intercom “Don’t forget, Philpy, dots on the upper recognition light mean ‘baling out’”, to which I answered “Yes”, with no more than a passing thought on the subject although I did note at the time that we were at 10,000 feet.

‘About four to five minutes later it became apparent to me that all was not well with the engine, which had commenced to splutter and finally stopped altogether.

‘I heard Rally shout “Bale out, Philpy” and I vaguely remember shouting “Okay” while through my mind raced the command “Don’t think. Get out!” which I thought I obeyed and swung my guns around to face starboard. Then I opened the cupola doors, and with a little manoeuvring managed to get into a sitting position on the back of the turret with my feet on the seat.

 

‘At this moment Rally said, “Hang on, Philpy” to which I again mechanically replied “Okay”. I noticed that the engine had started again, only to hear it stop almost immediately, to hear Rally’s voice again order “Bale out!”

‘I went! I flung myself over backwards forgetting to undo my intercom and oxygen tube and I felt a slight tug as they took the strain and gave and I remember a delicious sensation of falling onto the softest of feather beds, a feeling that no doubt accounts for the fact that I didn’t pull the ripcord until I had dropped approximately 2000 feet!

‘Then I pulled. Once and nothing happened except that the handle came out to about opposite my right shoulder. Twice and the whole handle came right out of the suit and in a split second my groins had received a jerk that must surely have split me in two but for the straps around my body which immediately took the strain and weight.

‘I looked up and there above me was the most beautiful sight I have ever seen, for above me was the canopy, white and lovely in the moonlight and all the cords coming down to me. A hell of a pain in each groin brought me, metaphorically speaking only, of course, back to earth, and I began to look around me. I estimated that I was about 2000 feet above the clouds and the moon, though rather weak, showed small gaps in the clouds and through them to a dark void below.

 

‘At this moment I noticed an explosion on the ground then a small fire through one of the gaps and I thought very abstractedly to myself: “There goes poor old ‘E’.” [Defiant N3376 coded ZJ-E]

‘For what seemed an age I floated along in almost unbearable pain which I tried to alleviate by pulling on one side of the ‘chute and taking my weight off one of my groins. This only served to make me sway from side to side pendulum fashion and having heard of chaps being sick, I decided to try and forget the pain and think of other things. To convince myself I was quite normal I looked at my watch and saw the minute finger pointing to ‘25’ so I thought it must be 25 to 12 [sic]. Something had gone amiss, however, as I had not taken off till 25 past and had been up for about 25 minutes.

‘At this time I was impressed with the silence that reigned up there – not a sound of any description and when my canopy flapped in the wind it sounded like arty fire.

‘I was now on the tips of the cloud and gradually sank into the damp clammy blackness feeling perhaps for the first time during the jump that I was actually going down.

‘I stuck in the clouds for 8 to 10 minutes – then pitch darkness but no cloud. I was beneath them now and as I knew from my take off approximately 2000 feet up.

‘I started to wonder all kind of things. Where was I? Would I land in water? How did that damn quick release work? A hundred questions must have popped through my mind at the time but as I sank lower I could see white streaks in the blackness which I took to be roads. This answered perhaps the most urgent of my questions, as I had no Mae West, had I landed in water. The streaks or roads were in great profusion, so I knew that I was in a town or village and when about 200 feet up, I observed a light crawling along a road that was directly below me. It was a bicycle lamp and I could see the rider silhouetted against his light. I shouted to him and he looked around, saw nothing and cycled on. I shouted again, all the time dropping lower and again he looked round and, again seeing nothing, he noticeably increased his speed and shot away up the road.

‘Crash! Watching this man, I had not noticed where I was landing and after getting my breath again, for I had fallen on my stomach, I had a look round. I was on the second roof of a school, with my canopy over the top roof and held taut by the ridge tiles. I started to shout: “anyone about? Anyone about?” I received no reply and adopted the more dramatic and far more novelistic “Help! Help!” After a few minutes this brought some action, as I heard a bedroom window rattle up across the street and a voice shout “Hullo – what’s the matter?” In a few terse words I explained the situation and in a very short time people appeared from all over the place and I became the gossip in Hale, Cheshire [Altrincham]. I made an entry through a bedroom window, much to the delight of some evacuee kiddies whose dormitory I passed through.

‘I was taken to a house across the road where a gallant gentleman offered me whisky, beer or sherry, of which I chose whisky, and received a tumbler of it for luck. I phoned the camp immediately, and received the blessings of the Adjutant who told me that Rolly had landed OK in a spot one mile from me and that they would send an ambulance for me as soon as possible.

 

‘In the hour that passed while I waited I sank another tumbler of whisky, one pint of beer and some cake.

 

‘Then in came FO Toll [the Adjutant?] with the Station Medical Officer. I then walked to the waiting ambulance, where Rolly was on a stretcher and climbed on to another stretcher and was whizzed away back to camp and put to bed for the night in the Station Sick Quarters.

‘That ended a somewhat unusual night for me but a few impressions which I gained are recorded here.

‘The lack or absence of nervousness as shown by the fact of having to pull the ripcord twice didn’t worry me. The abstract thinking from the moment I received the order to bale out until the moment I landed. The pain in my groins which passed almost as quickly as it came, being unnoticeable the next day.

 

Doubtless, Sgt. Phillips received his gold badge from GQ a few days later.

 

Final Cranage Combat Actions

 

As in early March, early May saw more Luftwaffe raids over Liverpool bringing 96 Squadron into action once again. On the night of 3rd May FO Verity in Defiant N1803 partnered, as usual by FO Wake, encountered a Ju-88 at 2300 hours over Cheshire . He engaged the bomber causing damage to it. The aircraft was destroyed making it 96 Squadron’s first kill using the Defiant.

 

Verity’s kill, a Ju-88A-6 (Werk no. 3381) B3+EC was from II/KG54 crashed to earth at 2345 hours at Park Farm, Lostock Gralam, one of the parishes bordering Cranage. Two German officers who died in this action were Leutnant Johann Glanzinger and Unteroffizer Gerhard Harmgart, who was just 19 years of age, when their parachutes failed to open. These officers were buried at Byley churchyard in the village next to Cranage. When local residents discovered this there was considerable outrage that two German aviators were to be buried with full military honours in their village. Eventually, the Germans were buried with the, local police present to prevent any disruption, in unmarked graves where they remained until May 1962. At this time their bodies were exhumed and re-interred at the German War Grave Cemetery on Cannock Chase in Staffordshire. The other crew members were more fortunate but were captured and became prisoners of war.

The following night Verity claimed another kill when he shot down a He-111 of II/KG53 near Morpeth and, later in the evening claimed another Ju-88.

 

 

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